Note 081 In a memorable duel at Aix-la-Chapelle (A.D. 820), before the emperor Lewis the Pious, his biographer observes, secundum legem propriam, utpote quia uterque Gothus erat, equestri pugnâ [proelio] congressus est (Vit. Lud. Pii. c. 33, in tom. vi. p. 103). Ermoldus Nigellus (l. iii. 543-628, in tom. vi. p. 48-50), who describes the duel admires the ars nova of fighting on horseback, which was unknown to the Franks.

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The History Of The Decline and Fall Of The Roman Empire—Volume 1— Chapter 38